As it is possible to execute plaster of walls the hands

Partitions and walls from foam, gas-blocks do not shine with durability therefore they can burst at the slightest sags of the base. For strengthening the surface is reinforced a grid from fiber glass fabric which attach 2-3 mm on a layer of tiled glue. Glue is smeared with the pallet and stretched a gladilka. Impose glue a strip about a meter wide. Put to it a grid strip, smoothing it from the center of a strip up and a bottom.

Having established a grid, establish beacons. Before plastering over a grid impose the pallet a glue layer, combing it (for increase in adhesion) horizontally gear pallet. Dry up.

Arbolitovy plates

Because of roughness arbolitovy plates are always well linked to plaster finishing. Therefore additional measures are not required. Some plasterers fix on wood concrete the metal gauze for hardening of the wall.

Whitewashing

It is impossible to plaster on limy whitewashing because the covering will strongly not keep. Whitewashing is always multilayered, and plaster is linked only to the top limy plyonochka.

Whitewashing is deleted in several ways:

• remove the pallet (a damp laborious way) – sites moisten, in 15 minutes remove sodden lime;
• delete with the grinder (minus a way – a lot of dust, it is necessary to work in a respirator and points);
• apply paste with a brush a thick layer on whitewashing. After drying the kleysterny crust which fastened with itself limy multilayered lime is deleted with the pallet (the most dust-free way);
• wash away soap solution (on a bucket of water of a half-piece of polished soap, 5 tablespoons of soda), repeatedly moistening whitewashing with a sponge or a brush;
• wash solutions of acids.

 Plaster on colored walls

According to the standard rules paint before plastering should be deleted. However, if business does not concern damp rooms and also styuk with a big body weight, a strong film of paint it is possible not to eliminate. Well the light plaster plaster applied on paint keeps.

Ways of removal of paint:

• soaking of 20 minutes with removal by the pallet (for water emulsion);
• use of the special softening solutions;
• heating and softening by the hair dryer, scraping by the pallet;
• removal by a metal brush;
• removal with use of mechanical means – grinders, etc.

Preparation of the painted walls for plastering includes:

• drawing on the basis of the notches passing through a paint film painted by enamel or oil paint;
• removal by the pallet of the exfoliated sites;
• removal of a glossy layer nazhdachka or grinder;
• removal of dust damp fabric;
• degreasing of oil spots solvent;
• drying of the prepared basis.

Necessary tools and materials

The list of what will be necessary for plaster:

1. for solution preparation – capacities, the mixer, a rastvoromeshalka;
2. for drawing – pallets (simply – a shovel), a bucket, a trowel, a trowel, rollers, brushes;
3. for extension, leveling – a grater, semi-graters, the rule;
4. for priming, formation of a relief pattern, coloring: rollers, brushes, brush, sponges, cliches, other make-shifts;
5. for measurement, a marking, installation of beacons – the level, a plumb, a roulette, a painting adhesive tape, a cord;
6. for coloring – brushes, a sponge, rollers, a spray;
7. for protection – glasses, a respirator, gloves, working clothes

From materials will be necessary:

• components of plaster structure, CC or ready structures;
• water;
• primer;
• shingle;
• beacons;
• the reinforcing grid;
• attachment parts are expansion bolt shields, self-tapping screws, nails;

Necessary material for plaster

What is plaster on beacons

The technology of plastering of walls of the house includes options:

• under a falcon (alignment without rule, approximately);
• under the rule (does not allow to achieve easily high flatness of walls);
• on beacons (high-quality finishing).

The beacon – a level which surface serves a guide for the rule movable by the plasterer at leveling of the solution applied on a wall. Beacons make of metal, plastic, a tree or of the solution applied to plastering. Beacons have height regiments 6 – 10 mm, fasten to the basis solution or self-tapping screws.

Installation of mayachny levels is carried out on a plumb or level strictly vertically after priming. At first expose extreme beacons in 30 cm from corners of walls. The surface of levels forms the vertical plane, being guided by which, establish intermediate levels. Distance between levels do less than length of the rule on 20-30 cm. It is more rational to the beginning plasterers to locate beacons with a meter step.

When plastering on beacons mix is applied layer-by-layer until until solution rises over levels. The acting solution weight is cut off the rule which is densely pressed to beacons, moving it in zigzag fashion.

The surplus is removed from the rule a trowel or the pallet and stacked there where mix lacks. As a result the surface of the leveled solution forms the vertical plane. After a mix skhvatyvaniye beacons delete, and the remained flutes fill with plaster solution.

Plaster reinforcing

Mineral plaster structures have no elasticity, and therefore, like natural stone materials, can burst at the slightest motions of the basis and form cracks in the course of curing, for example, if plaster solutions fat. To reduce cracking and their disclosure, plaster is reinforced.

The same is done at repair of big cracks. Application of reinforcing increases finishing durability. Installation of grids is necessary in problem zones, for example, in junctions of the bases from different materials, for example, of a wall from a tree and concrete. Different characteristics of materials cause various behavior them at temperature change or humidity. Therefore, in the field of a joint cracks will be formed.

Grids are applied to reinforcing from:

• metal;
• plasticity;
• fiber glasses;

Material selection and the size of cells of the reinforcing grid depends on the main objective of reinforcing and an installation site. If powerful grids establish for reinforcing of front finishing or creation of a plaster casing for warming plates, then for internal finishings and also where the plaster coat is small, apply plastic or fiber glass grids.

Grids are the hidden structural element located in a body of plaster is closer to a surface. At a big thickness of a plaster covering establish two or more grids. Attaching a grid on a wall or a ceiling, between a grid and the basis leave a gap which is filled with glue or plaster weight. Do it so that around a panel of a grid there were no air bubbles. The grid has to be drowned.

To fix a grid on walls, its panels, pulling, nail up or attach self-tapping screws. The next cloths connect with an overlap. It is important to pull only in order that there was no sagging that the wall did not turn out a curve. Not to draw.

If material of a grid can corrode at chemical reaction, for example, with limy plaster solution, the grid is protected, covering it with asphalt or coal varnish, oil paint, or cement milk with drying.

Solution preparation

Here three options are possible:

• mix preparation by mixture of components independently;
• cultivation of structure the CC water or thinner;
• hashing of the ready plaster test before application (with addition of a small amount of liquid or without it).

If you independently prepare mix from the components acquired separately, then it is necessary to observe the sequence of mixture of the making substances.

TsPS is prepared in the following order:

• place loose solids (sand, cement powder, perlite, a stone crumb) in capacity;
• mix;
• separately prepare liquid (a limy milk, water with softener, etc.);
• stirring, gradually pour in liquid in dry mix before achievement of the necessary consistence of solution;
• to structure about 5 minutes then once again mix allow "to have a rest" and infuse.

If mix is prepared in a rastvoromeshalka, then it is admissible to pour at first in it a part of water, then to add other components. The remained water is added gradually, controlling consistence of the test.

Acquired by CC shut, following instructions of the producer which are in the detailed instruction on packing. Ready mixes in buckets before application also mix to return to structure uniformity. If plaster solution is painted, – it is a high time to add a color.

For some plaster structures there are nuances. For example, perlitovy sand strongly raises dust. It before mixing is moistened. Except knowledge of rules of preparation of the basis, information on how it is correct to apply plaster on walls in what sequence, how many and as it has to dry is required.

How to apply plaster on walls with the hands

It is possible to apply mix with a nakidyvaniye and pasting. Plastering of surfaces turns out in the first way more dense, finishing is stronger linked to a basis. It is possible to cover with structure a ladle, a shovel (trowel) with a steel cloth. Solution is scooped from capacity and a throw goes from the tool to the basis where he lays down and sticks a thick blot - "slap". Smear dough with the pallet, a trowel, a falcon.

The solution imposed on the pallet or a trowel by the auxiliary pallet is transferred to a wall by dab of the set thickness. The plasterer puts the tool with the test to a wall at an acute angle, and conducts it along a wall, reducing a corner in process of transfer of material by the basis. If dab begins on earlier made dab, reception is called "from wet on dry".

If dab begins on the dry place and comes to the end on other dab, reception is called "from dry on wet". Observance of receptions is important for decorative plaster. How to put finishing decorative finishing, it is possible to examine in other section of the website. Further we offer the detailed description of a way of performance of draft finishing on concrete.

For performance improved and performance of high-quality plaster of concrete walls of technology are similar. The first two stages of plaster of walls are similar. Difference only in end.

The first stage – obryzg

 Solution mix with consistence is applied to an obryzg at plaster more liquidly. Layer thickness on concrete, a brick, a gas concrete thickness of an obryzgovy covering – 5 mm, for a tree – 9 mm (with a grid).

Step-by-step instruction of performance of an obryzg:

1. on a shovel or in a bucket we gather solution from capacity and we throw over a wall between beacons;
2. we do nabrosa, filling with "slaps" the site about 100 - 120 cm high (from below-up);
3. having covered obryzgy the area between beacons, the pallet we level a little "slaps" that on the site there was no blank space left;
4. we line a surface of a layer a keen edge of the pallet for increase in adhesion;
5. we do the same, carrying out obryzg to wall top;
6. we carry out obryzg the following sites of a wall, we leave to dry.

The second stage – soil

The main (basic) layer put over an obryzg is called soil. For creation of their thick multilayered covering can be a little. For soil cook dough, dense on consistence. For drawing we use pallets and the rule.

Soil performance:

1. On the wide pallet narrow we impose dough from capacity.
2. We transfer solution to a wall, slightly pressing it into the drawn grooves of an obryzg.
3. We remove the mix acting over beacons from below up the rule, pressing it to beacons and shaking in the horizontal direction. The solution removed by the rule is thrown off in capacity or by the pallet it is transferred there where it lacks.
4. Having carried out by the rule from below up few times, we carry out the rule from top to down. After such conducting solution will not slip on a wall down.
5. We plaster thus the wall rest.
6. We wait when solution grabs, we take beacons, we cover with solution the formed channels.

The third stage – a finishing layer a nakryvka

The structure of a nakryvka becomes with the same proportions, as basic. The consistence of solution of normal fat content – less dense, than for soil, and sand undertakes small fraction (up to 1.5 mm). Such mix keeps within easier, it is more plastic. At overwrite forms a smooth surface. The recommended thickness of 1.5 - 2 mm.

Filling of emptiness and drawing finishing layer

Step-by-step management:

1. If plastering was carried out without removal of poppies, then the nakryvka is applied on yet not dried up soil. The dried-up soil can be moistened with the roller.
2. Put a nakryvka, leveling it the rule. At the same time solution fills the formed emptiness and small cavities. Surplus of mix removes.

Zatirka of plaster

This stage completing. The smallest errors are eliminated with Zatirka.

Alignment – consolidation of hardly dried up nakryvka surface – a zatirka is carried out by a grater. The tool is not pressed strongly not to pull off the drying-up layer. Carry out smoothing down with circular motions (a zatirka "round"). Only in corners the grater is kept and conducted parallel to a corner. On the towering sites press more, trampling down, on deepenings pressing is reduced.

The surplus of the acting mix gathering at the corner of a grater or a trowel cleans off. The drying-up nakryvka layer is sprayed with water from the spray from time to time or humidified with a soft brush. The zatirka round with use of absolutely small amount of solution is possible

After a zatirka carry out smoothing at once – a zatirka "in a razgonka". Rectilinear vertical movements (up-down) make a clean grater with the rounded-off corners. The grater is pressed with identical effort, without taking away from a surface. Process so a square behind a square (sites about 1 sq.m).

Smoothing down (not obligatory operation) is carried out similar to a zatirka "in a razgonka", it only becomes the rubber, metal or wrapped-up by felt grater. Process a surface twice. Once, driving a gladilka (in one direction) from top to down, the second time – it is horizontal.

Finishing finishing

Why and than to grind plaster? Such procedure is performed to remove the slightest ledges which remained after plastering or a shpatlevaniye if for final finishing of the apartment coloring, or pasting is planned by wall-paper. The paint coat is thin and reveals even the most insignificant flaws. They are eliminated with grinding.

Manually apply a nazhdachka, a grinding grid or grinding bar to grinding. It is enough to process a surface for wall-paper a nazhdachka with grain 60. Under paint repeated grinding by a nazhdachka 120 is necessary. As a result receive the polished surface. After grinding and cleaning of dust plaster of walls the hands can be considered as finished. It is a little data on how carry out corners.

Plaster of corners

The words "pods" and "usenka" will tell nothing to the ignorant person. And meanwhile, it is the professional terms of plasterers designating internal and external corners respectively. The equipment their plastering differs from putting plaster on walls.

The main technicians applied by plasterers:

• with use of a profile corner;
• with beacons;
• with the kontrashulets (punched by the corner having the aluminum basis));
• with a serpyanka (a tape grid from fiber glass fabric or synthetics with a sticky layer);
• without a kontrashulets.

Step-by-step technology of performance of a corner by means of a kontrashulets:

1. Cut the punched corners of the necessary length.
2. On a corner a dense layer impose contact solution (along an internal corner mix is stretched along all length).
3. The corner is put to a corner, most densely pressed in the most "outstanding" place, then by means of the rule pressed kontrashults so that he got up strictly vertically (check the level or a plumb).
4. The surplus of mix which is marked out at installation deletes with the pallet. After that mixes give time to stiffen.
5. After installation the corner by test is leveled with a wall. Shelves of a corner appear at the same time in plaster solution. A corner of a kontrashulets the speaker protects a corner from damages.

Performance of an external corner on a profile corner:

1. Cut profile corners of the necessary length;
2. On adjacent walls establish beacons (the corner is plastered before performance of work on a wall);
3. On a corner a dense layer impose contact solution (along an internal corner mix is stretched along all length).
4. Afterwards impose soil from two parties from a corner to the next beacons (already more thickly).
5. The corner is put to a corner, press a grid to mix, the help of the rule level solution on beacons on one, then on the second wall.
6. The surplus of mix removed by the rule the pallet adds there where it is not enough.
7. The profile corner and grid appear in a plaster layer.

How to check quality of plaster of walls

Accuracy of performance of finishing is checked the rule or a long two-meter lath. When carrying out it along a surface in different situation (horizontally, diagonalno or vertically), deviations from the plane are found visually. In dark time it is possible to check quality of plaster, having directed a small lamp beam parallel to the wall plane. Long shadows will give the acting roughnesses.

Having measured and having compared two diagonals of the room, it is possible to check, whether direct corners of the room. Diagonals have to be equal on length. Distance between parallel walls – identical on all their length. The correctness of performance of a corner can be checked, carrying out lengthways vertically by the square with a length of parties from 50 cm.

The quality of a surface of finishing is defined visually. On it there should not be darkenings or other spots. Shutters of windows, window leaves and doors have to open without hindrances. Sites around sockets, switches and door boxes, on perimeter of a floor have to be equal that laid on levels, a plinth and platbands densely adjoined a wall.

If you were going to make apartment renovation, and you have no experience of a covering of walls plaster the hands, you should not despair. Having studied the stated data, having watched videos, you gained an impression about main types and technicians of plaster works.

Detailed data on plaster structures, on how to apply decorative solutions, can be found on the website. At the address to plasterers, you will know what to pay attention to as works have to be performed for what this or that stage is necessary.